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1、引(yin)言

    無負壓供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是在(zai)變頻(pin)恒(heng)壓供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)發展起來的(de)(de)，它的(de)(de)先進之(zhi)處在(zai)于將系統(tong)直接與自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管網串聯對接，而不用建立水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池和設置水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)箱，供(gong)(gong)給(gei)用戶的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)完全(quan)在(zai)一個密封(feng)的(de)(de)環境中，避免了飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)二次污(wu)染。這(zhe)種供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)式實現了無池供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與變頻(pin)恒(heng)壓供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)結合，能(neng)夠(gou)達到比(bi)其它供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)式更(geng)環保節能(neng)的(de)(de)效果。此外在(zai)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過程(cheng)中，充分利用自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)原有的(de)(de)壓力，因此可節電50%以上(shang)(shang)。不僅如此，無負壓供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)結合真空抑制、穩(wen)流(liu)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)、預(yu)壓平衡補(bu)(bu)償(chang)、能(neng)量(liang)儲存釋放、變頻(pin)調速和智能(neng)控制等技術，在(zai)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)同時不，會對市政管網產生壓降，從而保證了市政管網的(de)(de)正常運行(xing)。

2、無負壓供(gong)水工藝概述

    無(wu)負壓(ya)供水控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統的核心概念就(jiu)是(shi)通過變(bian)頻器控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)水泵的運(yun)行頻率(lv)，達到(dao)節(jie)能(neng)供水的效果，同時系(xi)統還加(jia)入了(le)(le)市政管網保護功能(neng)、水泵保護功能(neng)以(yi)及故(gu)障處理(li)等功能(neng)。為了(le)(le)節(jie)約成(cheng)本，目前人們大多采(cai)用一(yi)個(ge)變(bian)頻器控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)多個(ge)水泵的變(bian)頻運(yun)行方式，也就(jiu)是(shi)我們常(chang)說的一(yi)拖二、一(yi)拖三或(huo)一(yi)拖四等控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統。采(cai)用這種(zhong)方式，變(bian)頻器輪(lun)流控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)各個(ge)水泵變(bian)頻運(yun)行。

    水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)方式有兩種(zhong)(zhong)，一種(zhong)(zhong)是變頻(pin)(pin)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，一種(zhong)(zhong)是工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)方式由中(zhong)央控(kong)制器根據(ju)用(yong)戶(hu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)多(duo)少自動控(kong)制。系(xi)統啟(qi)動后(hou)(hou)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)首先(xian)變頻(pin)(pin)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，當用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)增加時，變頻(pin)(pin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)轉換為工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，并啟(qi)動下一臺水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)變頻(pin)(pin)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)減少后(hou)(hou)，工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)退出運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)投切過程如此循環(huan)反復。

    在用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量很少，或沒有(you)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)，為(wei)了(le)節能與延長(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)的使用壽(shou)命，水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)還可以進(jin)入休(xiu)眠狀(zhuang)態。當用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量增(zeng)加(jia)時(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)會(hui)自動從休(xiu)眠狀(zhuang)態中被喚(huan)醒。當一臺水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間運行時(shi)(shi)，為(wei)了(le)使各(ge)個水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)均衡(heng)運行，系(xi)統會(hui)自動選擇運行時(shi)(shi)間最短的水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)運行。當有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)出現故障時(shi)(shi)，系(xi)統會(hui)自動跳過該水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)，不會(hui)影響(xiang)其他水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)的投(tou)切(qie)過程(cheng)。

3、無(wu)負壓供水控制(zhi)系統結構(gou)設計(ji)

    在(zai)傳統(tong)的(de)無負壓(ya)供水設(she)備中(zhong)，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)大多采用單(dan)片(pian)機設(she)計，這種控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)一(yi)般都不允許用戶(hu)對其(qi)內部(bu)的(de)程序進行(xing)修改。如果(guo)想增加一(yi)些功能，則必須找控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)的(de)供應商幫助完成。這就導致了(le)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)靈活(huo)性(xing)較差(cha)，而且(qie)這種控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)一(yi)般都沒有經過(guo)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)測試(shi)，在(zai)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)方面(mian)可能存在(zai)或(huo)多或(huo)少的(de)問題。

    采用PLC作為(wei)核心控制單元，在可靠性上得(de)到了(le)保證，其開(kai)放(fang)的編(bian)程環境也使系(xi)統(tong)開(kai)發和維護更加方(fang)便(bian)。不僅如此(ci)，和利時還為(wei)無(wu)負(fu)壓供(gong)水(shui)設備提(ti)供(gong)了(le)標準(zhun)的例(li)(li)程，用戶可以(yi)直接使用這個(ge)例(li)(li)程搭建無(wu)負(fu)壓供(gong)水(shui)控制系(xi)統(tong)，或(huo)者(zhe)可以(yi)根據需要對例(li)(li)程進行簡單的修改，這樣大大提(ti)高了(le)系(xi)統(tong)的建立效(xiao)率以(yi)及系(xi)統(tong)的開(kai)放(fang)性。

    本(ben)次設(she)(she)計針(zhen)對1拖3無(wu)負(fu)(fu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)供水(shui)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)主要由PLC、變頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、離心(xin)泵(beng)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、水(shui)位傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、缺相保護器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、故障報(bao)警(jing)燈等(deng)(deng)組成。PLC負(fu)(fu)責(ze)三個(ge)水(shui)泵(beng)的(de)(de)投切(qie)控(kong)制算法(fa)，根據管(guan)網出口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)定(ding)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力動態(tai)調節變頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸出頻(pin)(pin)率，以(yi)(yi)及(ji)實(shi)現倒(dao)泵(beng)、休眠、故障處理、無(wu)負(fu)(fu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)補償等(deng)(deng)功能。本(ben)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)采(cai)用和利時LM系(xi)(xi)列(lie)PLC作(zuo)為系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，并且通過LM系(xi)(xi)列(lie)PLC自帶(dai)的(de)(de)RS232接(jie)口(kou)(kou)連接(jie)現場的(de)(de)觸(chu)摸屏HT6720T，觸(chu)摸屏程序具有系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)參數設(she)(she)置、顯示系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)行狀態(tai)、查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)報(bao)警(jing)記(ji)錄等(deng)(deng)功能。為了(le)便于(yu)用戶(hu)(hu)查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)運(yun)行狀況(kuang)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)設(she)(she)置出口(kou)(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力等(deng)(deng)參數，這里還用LM系(xi)(xi)列(lie)PLC自帶(dai)的(de)(de)RS485接(jie)口(kou)(kou)連接(jie)了(le)一個(ge)短(duan)信(xin)數傳模塊，用戶(hu)(hu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過手機隨(sui)時查(cha)詢(xun)(xun)水(shui)泵(beng)的(de)(de)運(yun)行狀況(kuang)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)設(she)(she)定(ding)管(guan)網的(de)(de)出口(kou)(kou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力。

5、無(wu)負壓(ya)供水控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)特(te)點

基(ji)于LM系列(lie)PLC的無負壓(ya)供水(shui)系統(tong)具有如(ru)下(xia)特(te)點：

可靠性(xing)

    可靠(kao)性(xing)是無(wu)負壓供(gong)水系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。與傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)單片機控制器相(xiang)比，LM系(xi)(xi)列PLC在穩定性(xing)、抗(kang)干擾(rao)性(xing)以(yi)及惡劣條(tiao)件(jian)下的(de)(de)(de)工作性(xing)能(neng)(neng)都要更勝一籌。LM系(xi)(xi)列PLC的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入和輸(shu)出點(dian)都是與現場隔(ge)離的(de)(de)(de)，這為系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)可靠(kao)性(xing)提供(gong)了硬(ying)件(jian)基礎。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)所(suo)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)量PID運算功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)塊使(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)能(neng)(neng)夠根(gen)據用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)水量迅速調節(jie)給(gei)水泵的(de)(de)(de)工作頻率，使(shi)給(gei)水壓力(li)以(yi)較快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)速度穩定在設定值，這也在功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)上保證(zheng)了系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)穩定運行(xing)。

易用性(xing)

    LM系(xi)列PLC體積(ji)小、集成化(hua)程度高、運算速(su)度快、邏輯控(kong)制容量大，還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進行在線調(diao)試和離線調(diao)試，有強大的視圖(tu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大大降低編程調(diao)試的工作量，縮短調(diao)試的周期。靈活的編程功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)給未來(lai)的系(xi)統升級帶來(lai)極(ji)大方便(bian)。系(xi)統采(cai)用(yong)7英寸TFT觸摸屏，整個系(xi)統的運行狀況一目了然(ran)，各項控(kong)制參(can)數(shu)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根據不(bu)同工況進行調(diao)整，并可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生成實時報警與歷史報警列表。同時，還利(li)用(yong)LM系(xi)列PLC自(zi)帶的RS485接(jie)口連接(jie)短信(xin)數(shu)傳模塊，用(yong)戶可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直接(jie)通過手(shou)機隨時查詢系(xi)統的運行工況，并可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進行管網(wang)出口壓(ya)力(li)等參(can)數(shu)的設置。

功能性

    供(gong)水(shui)(shui)設(she)備生產商-中(zhong)贏供(gong)水(shui)(shui)研發的PLC無負壓供(gong)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)標(biao)(biao)準程序的基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)建(jian)立的，實現(xian)的功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包括了(le)水(shui)(shui)泵的自動投(tou)切功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、休眠(mian)倒泵功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、水(shui)(shui)泵優先級判斷功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、優化的故障處理功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、多時段設(she)定功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、低水(shui)(shui)位自動保(bao)護功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、無負壓功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、短信通(tong)訊(xun)功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以及PLC鎖定功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)等。整個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的搭建(jian)過程幾(ji)乎沒有對標(biao)(biao)準程序進行修改，在(zai)實現(xian)了(le)強大功(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，方便(bian)快速地完成了(le)控制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的搭建(jian)。